TOP是什么货币,汤加潘加是大洋洲国家汤加的货币

TOP汤加潘加是哪个国家货币,TOP汤加潘加是什么货币？TOP是指汤加潘加，TOP是汤加潘加的英文简写，英文全称是Tongan-pa'anga,TOP汤加潘加是大洋洲国家汤加的本土货币。汤加潘加(Tongan-pa'anga)标准符号：TOP,货币原有旧符号：(T$ (sometimes PT))，辅币进位制：1/100 seniti。

汤加潘加（Tongan pa'anga/Tonga Pa'anga/Tonga pa?anga (Tongan)　标准符号：TOP）

汤加潘加简介

ISO 4217 Code：TOP

User(s)：Tonga

Inflation：11.1%

Source：The World Factbook, 2005 est.

Superunit：100 hau

Subunit：1/100 seniti

Symbol：T$ (sometimes PT)

seniti：￠

Coins：

Freq. used：5￠, 10￠, 20￠, 50￠

Rarely used：1￠, 2￠

Banknotes：T$1, T$2, T$5, T$10, T$20, T$50

Central bank：National Reserve Bank of Tonga

Website：http://www.reservebank.to

The pa?anga is the currency of the Kingdom of Tonga. It is controlled by National Reserve Bank of Tonga (Pangikē Pule Fakafonua ?o Tonga) in Nuku?alofa. The pa?anga is not convertiB/Le and is pegged to a basket of currencies comprising the Australian, New Zealand, and United States dollars and the Japanese yen.

One pa?anga equals one hundred seniti, the ISO code is TOP and the usual abbreviation is T$ (￠ for seniti). In Tonga the pa?anga is often referred to in English just as dollar and the seniti as cent. There is also the unit of hau (1 hau = 100 pa?anga), but this is not used in every day life and can only be found on commemorative coins of higher denominations.

Etymology

Entada scandens, native name pa?anga, is a bean-like vine producing large pods with large reddish brown seeds. The seeds are roundish, up to 5 cm diameter and 1 or 2 cm thick. When strung together they are used as anklets, part of the kailao dance costume. They were also used as playing pieces in an ancient disc-throwing game, lafo.

On 1 December 1806 Tongans attacked the passing ship Port-au-Prince in order to take it over. They failed, as the crew sank the vessel. The chief of Ha?apai, Fīnau ?Ulukālala, resorted to the next plan, plunder what ever was worthwhile. On his inspection tour he found the ship's cash. Not knowing what money was he considered the coins as pa?anga. Finally, not seeing anything of value, he ordered the remains of the ship to be burned. It was much later that William Mariner, the only survivor of this attack, told him that those pieces of metal were of great value and not merely playing stones.

When Tonga introduced decimal currency, it decided not to call the main unit the dollar because the native word, tola, translated into a pig's snout, the soft end of a coconut, or, in vulgar language, a mouth. Pa'anga, on the other hand, translated into money.

Mariner also passed down the following statement of Fīnau ?Ulukālala:

If money were made of iron and could be converted into knives, axes and chisels there would be some sense in placing a value on it; but as it is, I see none. If a man has more yams than he wants, let him exchange some of them away for pork. [...] Certainly money is much handier and more convenient but then, as it will not spoil by being kept, people will store it up instead of sharing it out as a chief ought to do, and thus become selfish. [...] I understand now very well what it is that makes the papālangi [white men] so selfish — it is this money!

History

The pa?anga was introduced on 3 April 1967. It replaced the pound at a rate of 1 pound = 2 pa?anga. Until 11 February 1991 the pa'anga was pegged to the Australian dollar at par. Since that time a basket of currencies is taken (see above), and the pa?anga has continuously declined. As in 2006, one needs about T$1.60 to get 1 Australian dollar. Official exchange rates are released daily by the National Reserve Bank, established 1 July 1989, but rather towards the end of the day than early in the morning. In practice, it seems, that the real exchange rate is rather determined by the fancy of the higher echelons than the basket.

Coins

Coins come in denominations of one, two, five, ten, twenty and fifty seniti. Most coins feature the king in military uniform in front looking forwards and the writing Fakalahi me?akai (Tongan, "Grow more food") with a food plant in the back. A specialty is the dodecagonal 50￠ coin (all other coins are round). The one and two seniti coins are becoming less common nowadays, as they loose value due to a yearly inflation of about 10%, and are only readily available for some months after a release by the bank. Total prices in shops are usually rounded to the nearest 5 or 10 seniti. Some shops believing that to round means always to round up.

In former times there were also some T$1,T$2 and T$3 coins circulating, but these are now considered to be collector's items.

As late as 1967 (she died in 1965) Queen Salote Tupou III looking to the right, appeared on the coins instead of the current king, who, on the coins before 1980, was looking to the left.

Banknotes

Bank notes come in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 pa?anga. The latter was introduced around 1990. The turquoise, half pa?anga note, featuring copra making on the back, was discontinued around 1980.

The obverse of the notes is held in Tongan language and shows the portrait of King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV. The reverse is in English language and shows typical motives and landmarks of Tonga: the Ha?amonga ?a Maui Trilithon, the royal palace, the Tongan Development Bank, the Port of Vava?u (twice, once as it was around 1900, and the other contemporary), and ngatu making.

中文翻译

SO 4217代码：顶部。

用户：汤加。

通货膨胀率：11.1%。

资料来源：The World Factbook，2005 Est.。

超级单元：100座。

子单位：1/100老年人。

符号：T$(有时为PT)。

资历：

硬币：

弗雷克。

使用：5分、10分、20分、50分。

很少使用：1美分、2美分。

纸币：新台币1元、2元、5元、10元、20元、50元。

中央银行：汤加国家储备银行。

网址：http://www.reservebank.to。

帕纳加是汤加王国的货币。

它由努库阿洛法的汤加国家储备银行(PangkēPule Fakafonua？o Thoma)控制。

澳大利亚是不可兑换的，它与一篮子货币挂钩，包括澳元、新西兰元、美元和日元。

1 pa？anga等于100 seniti，ISO代码是top，通常的缩写是T$(sen代表seniti)。

在汤加语中，pa？anga在英语中常常被称为美元，而seniti则被称为美分。

也有Hau(1 hau=100 pa？anga)的单位，但这并不是日常生活中使用的单位，只有更高面额的纪念币才能找到。

词源学。

Entada scobens，原名pa？anga，是一种豆状藤本植物，结大豆荚，结大的红棕色种子。

种子呈圆形，直径可达5厘米，厚1或2厘米。

当它们串在一起时，就被用作脚镯，这是凯佬舞服装的一部分。

它们也被用作古代扔碟子游戏Lafo的棋子。

1806年12月1日，通甘人袭击了过往船只太子港，企图接管该船。

他们失败了，因为船员们沉没了船。

Ha？Apai的首领Fīnau？ulukālala采取了下一个计划，掠夺一切有价值的东西。

在巡视时，他发现了船上的现金。

由于不知道是多少钱，他把这些硬币当成了硬币。

最后，由于没有发现任何有价值的东西，他下令焚烧这艘船的残骸。

很久以后，威廉·水手，这次袭击的唯一幸存者，告诉他那些金属碎片非常有价值，不仅仅是玩石头。

当汤加引入十进制货币时，它决定不将主要单位称为美元，因为当地的单词Tola被翻译成猪的鼻子，椰子的软端，在粗俗的语言中是嘴。

另一方面，帕安加则转化为金钱。

水手还传递了Fīnau？ulukālala的以下声明：

如果钱是铁做的，可以转换成刀、斧和凿子，那么给它估价是有意义的；但事实是，我看不到任何东西。

如果一个人有比他想要的更多的山药，让他把其中的一些换成猪肉。

当然，钱要方便得多，也方便得多，但由于它不会被保存起来而变质，人们会把它储存起来，而不是像酋长应该做的那样分享，从而变得自私。

我现在很清楚是什么让PAPā兰吉[白人男子]如此自私--就是这笔钱！历史。

《宪法》于1967年4月3日推出。

它以1磅=2磅的汇率取代了英镑。

在1991年2月11日之前，帕安加一直按面值与澳元挂钩。

从那时起，一篮子货币被采用(见上文)，日元持续下跌。

和2006年一样，1澳元大约需要1.6元新台币。

官方汇率由1989年7月1日成立的国家储备银行每天发布，但在当天接近尾声时发布，而不是在清晨发布。

在实践中，实际汇率似乎更多地是由更高阶层的想象力决定的，而不是篮子。

钱币。

硬币有1、2、5、10、20和50美分的面额。

大多数硬币都印有身穿军装的国王向前看，背面写着Fakalahi Me？Akai(汤加语，“种植更多的食物”)和一种食物植物的图案。

一种特产是十二角形50美分硬币(所有其他硬币都是圆形的)。

一元和二元硬币现在变得越来越不常见，因为它们由于每年约10%的通货膨胀率而贬值，而且只有在银行发行后的几个月里才能随时买到。

商店的总价通常四舍五入到最接近的5或10个老人。

一些商店认为，圆整意味着总是四舍五入。

以前也有一些新台币1元、2元和3元的硬币流通，但现在这些都被认为是收藏品。

直到1967年(她于1965年去世)，萨洛特·图普三世王后才出现在硬币上，而不是现任国王，1980年之前，现任国王在硬币上向左看。

钞票。

纸币有1、2、5、10、20和50帕的面额。

后者在1990年左右推出。

这种绿松石色的纸币，背面印有制作椰子的图案，大约在1980年停产。

纸币的正面用汤加语书写，显示图普四世国王的肖像。反面用英语显示汤加的典型动机和地标：哈蒙加岛、皇宫、汤加开发银行、瓦瓦乌港(两次，一次是1900年左右，另一次是当代的)和ngatu制造。

汤加潘加纸币

汤加潘加1986年版面值20 Pa'anga——正面	汤加潘加1986年版面值20 Pa'anga——反面
汤加潘加1988年版面值50 Pa'anga——正面	汤加潘加1988年版面值50 Pa'anga——反面
汤加潘加1992年版面值1 Pa'anga——正面	汤加潘加1992年版面值1 Pa'anga——反面
汤加潘加1992年版面值2 Pa'anga——正面	汤加潘加1992年版面值2 Pa'anga——反面
汤加潘加1995年版面值1 Pa'anga——正面	汤加潘加1995年版面值1 Pa'anga——反面
汤加潘加1995年版面值2 Pa'anga——正面	汤加潘加1995年版面值2 Pa'anga——反面
汤加潘加1995年版面值5 Pa'anga——正面	汤加潘加1995年版面值5 Pa'anga——反面
汤加潘加1995年版面值10 Pa'anga——正面	汤加潘加1995年版面值10 Pa'anga——反面
汤加潘加1995年版面值20 Pa'anga——正面	汤加潘加1995年版面值20 Pa'anga——反面